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Captain
Roy Farran (right) on parade with members of 2 SAS in the
captured Italian port of Termoli
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Roy
Farran (Kings’ Own Hussars and 2nd Regiment,
Special Air Service)
Major Roy
Farran DSO MC & 2 Bars who passed away in 2006 was one of
the towering figures of the SAS in World War 2. He was born in
India on 2nd January 1921, the son of an Irish RAF
Warrant Officer. He was educated in India at the Bishop
Cotton School in the city of Simla, and then at
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. After graduating from
Sandhurst, Farran was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant into
the 3rd Carabineers (Prince of Wales's Dragoon Guards) and
sent to the 51st Training Regiment.
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He then joined the Kings’
Own Hussars in Egypt as a tank commander and first saw action between
December 1940 and February 1941 in the battle of Sidi Barrani against
the Italians. His unit was then transferred at end of battle to Crete
just in time for the German Invasion of May 20th. The following
day, the British 10th Infantry Brigade launched a successful assault
on Cemetery Hill, in which Farran participated. German forces were
eventually able to break through the British and Commonwealth
positions around Galatas, and Farran was part of a tank counter-attack
in an attempt to retake the village. During the action he was wounded
in the right arm and both of his legs, and as a result German forces
captured him. It was at this time that he was awarded the Military
Cross, for gallantry during his service in Crete.
He was restored to full health by
August and vowed to escape. Finally, after several attempts, he
escaped under the perimeter fence of a POW Hospital near Athens, and
with Greek help, he secured a caicque (Greek fishing boat) and sailed
to Egypt, with a crew of Greek, British and Australian escapees as
company. The Royal Navy off Alexandria spotted them after 10 days,
which was very fortunate, as water had ran out. For leading his
comrades to freedom, Farran received his first bar to the MC. He was
attached to the divisional staff of 7th Armoured Division
in January 1942, and was wounded in a Luftwaffe strafing attack on the
Divisional HQ during the retreat to El Alamein. Passed fit again to
serve in February 1943, he was persuaded to join 2nd Regiment
SAS. After an interview with the regiment's commander, Lt-Colonel
David Stirling, and parachute training, Farran became the
second-in-command of a squadron. During Operation Husky, the invasion
of Sicily, and despite suffering from malaria, he led his squadron in
an assault against a lighthouse at Cape Passero, which was believed to
hold a machine gun position. During September 1943, he was part of a
composite squadron from 2 SAS that landed at the Italian port of
Taranto with orders to conduct reconnaissance patrols and attack
targets of opportunity ahead of the general Allied advance.
Then on October 3rd, Farran,
with a detachment of twenty men from 'D' Squadron of 2 SAS, came
ashore at Termoli, as part of 1st Special Raiding Squadron (SAS) led
by the legendary Paddy Mayne, with orders to create a base for future
raids behind enemy lines. The seaborne landings soon became stalemated
against fierce Axis resistance, and Farran and his men joined the rest
of 1 SRS in an attempt to repel a German counter attack supported by
armour. Positioned on a ridge with a light mortar and six Bren light
machine guns, and later several 6 pounder anti-tank guns, Farran and
his men were able to help repel the attack. The Axis forces launched
several more assaults on the Allied positions, which Farran and his
men also helped to repulse, before finally retreating from the area.
Termoli is considered in official SAS history along with Mirbat, Oman
(1972) to be its greatest defensive action.
Following Termoli, he led a number of
reconnaissance and sabotage patrols behind enemy lines in Italy around
Pescara and Ancona, for which he received his 2nd bar to
the MC. In France, between 19th August and 17th
September 1944, Farran, aged 23 and now a major, led a column of 60
men and 20 jeeps from 2 SAS in Operation WALLACE. Suffering few
casualties, it inflicted 500 on the Germans, destroyed 95 vehicles, a
train and 100,000 gallons of fuel. As a result of these actions,
Farran was awarded the DSO. Following WALLACE, he returned to Italy
with 3 Squadron, 2 SAS. The squadron had only been recently formed and
was composed of volunteers from the British 1st and 6th Airborne
Divisions; Farran believed it to be well trained and highly
disciplined. The squadron came under the command of General Mark
Clark's 15th Army Group, and between December and February
1945 conducted several small-scale operations in La Spezia and the
Brenner Pass. He then devised Operation TOMBOLA, a large-scale
airborne operation in conjunction with Italian partisans on the
ground. He was to prove that the SAS could operate a base for
sustained periods on the ground in Italy. Up to that point, it had
been thought only the desert was suitable for setting up Special
Forces bases, from which to attack enemy communications and logistics.
For the partisans, the SAS would put extra strength into their forces,
which had previously sometimes avoided contact with the Germans.
Farran wanted to command the operation
himself, but was forbidden by staff officers at 15th Army
Group's headquarters; he did, however, manage to get permission to
accompany the transport aircraft the SAS troopers used as a
dispatcher. When the operation began on 4 March, Farran
"accidentally" fell out of the aircraft from which he was
watching the parachute drop, although he was fortunate enough to have
a parachute on at the time and his personal kit with him. All of the
troopers landed safely, (although one officer dislocated his shoulder
on landing and had to be left in the care of several Italian
civilians,) where they were greeted by the SOE liaison officer,
Michael Lees. Lees took Farran and his men to meet the commander of
the local Commando Unico, which was formed of four brigades – three
Communist and one Christian Democrat. When they arrived, Farran
proposed to the Unico that a new battalion known as the Battaglione
Alleato be created, with its core an SAS company; it would be
fleshed out by a company of right-wing partisans and another of
Russian deserters from the Wehrmacht. Although this was agreed to,
Farran was not enamoured with the state of the partisans when he first
inspected them, stating "nearly all of them had some physical
defect." To improve their fitness and training, Farran arranged
for several instructors and an Italian interpreter to be parachuted
in, as well as a large quantity of supplies. Within a few days the SAS
company, with a strength of forty men, had arrived to form the core of
the battalion, with one officer and four men attached to each of the
other companies in a supervisory capacity.
The battalion's first target, as
proposed by both Farran and Lees, was the headquarters of the German
51 Mountain Corps (LI Gebirgs Korps) of General Valentain Feurestein
and his Chief of Staff, stationed in the area of Albinea, 20 miles
from where they landed. Initially, HQ vetoed the plan after receiving
intel regarding a German anti-partisan drive in the area. Farran,
disregarding orders, pushed on with the attack, fearing loss of morale
and credibility amongst the partisans if their first ever attack was
to be binned. On 27 March the attack on the two villas containing the
German HQ was carried out, with ~ sixty Germans killed by the
partisans, including the Chief of Staff. Afterwards, the SAS and
partisans openly fought the Germans, once they had received a supply
of heavy weapons. The SAS/Partisans would kill some 600 Germans, and
captured over 400 by the end of TOMBOLA. Farran anticipated a
court-martial for ‘falling’ from the plane but the Americans
awarded him the Legion of Merit instead and the incident was
forgotten.
When the Second World War in Europe
came to an end, Farran accompanied 2 SAS to Norway, where the unit
aided in the process of disarming the German troops stationed there.
He was awarded the Croix de Guerre in 1946, and then returned to the
3rd Hussars where he became the regiment's second-in-command. He
served with the regiment in Syria for a time, as well as British
Mandate Palestine. During his initial period in Palestine, he was with
several fellow officers when guerrillas destroyed a nearby ammunition
dump; Farran and his comrades pursued the guerrillas, managing to
wound two of them. Shortly after this, Farran transferred back to
Britain to serve as an instructor at Sandhurst, but then volunteered
to be seconded to the Palestine Police Force, which maintained order
in the Mandate. His career was marred by an accusation of his
involvement in the suspected murder of a 16-year old Jewish youth in
covert anti-terrorist operations in 1947. Court-martialled, he was
found not guilty, when no body was produced or any witness failed to
identify him in an identity parade. Tragically, his brother Rex back
in England was murdered by a parcel bomb sent from Israel, intended
for him.
After army discharge, Roy Farran became
first a quarryman in Scotland, then went to Africa, then returned home
and stood unsuccessfully for Parliament in 1950. He then went to
Alberta, Canada, where he became a farmer, then a journalist, starting
the weekly North Hill News in 1954, and from 1961 to 1979
served in the provincial legislature. He then started a foundation,
French Vosges, providing Franco-Canadian student exchanges. France
awarded him the Legion d’Honnuer in 1994 for this program. Cancer
led to the loss of his larynx but he learned to speak through an
incision in his throat. He also published a number of books, which
included two about his wartime SAS experiences - Winged Dagger
and Operation Tombola.
The life of this remarkable soldier
ended on 1st June 2006. We shall
remember him.
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